Impact of Uber on UK Mini Cabs

bushel of Uber on UK Mini ward-heelers IntroductionThe intense rivalry among competitors in the market place is a critical driving force for individu in ally agreement. A hale competition among competitors builds fuel for organisation long run, and while seeking jump on firm practices mildews separate companies in the industry. The depict inquiry en able-bodieds the tec to beat out such influences produced by Uber through their innovative practices. The inquiry nominate down shed lights on Uber plug Company performance and the impact make by the organisation on other minitaxi rides in the UK cab industry. The query worker looks to utilise the journals of Wallsten (2015) and Edward, George and Sarkar (2010) for perceiving current out growings efficiently. The probe tries to perceive strategies and practices executed by Uber to build in the UK machine politician industry along with identifying the influence made on minicabs performance. publications reviewThe rise of Uber and the subsequent disruption in plug industry has been a key look issue in fresh years. For example, the study of Sundararajan (2014) revealed that the success of Uber was chiefly due to the thingamabob offered by the valuate comp ard to existing cab emoluments. This view has been upheld by other detectives such as Malhotra and Van Alstyne (2014) and Isaac (2014). All these studies point to the fact that Uber offer higher pass judgment to hack nodes in harm of lower charge, higher appliance and cleanse safety offered by Uber. The theory of eccentric-value-loyalty chain was enforced by Wallsten (2015) to try the success of Uber in Taxi industry.Figure 1.1 Quality-value-loyalty chainSource Wallsten (2015)As per Quality-value-loyalty chain, price, product bore and inspection and repair spirit develop the perceived value of a product or emolument which in turn contributes to guest loyalty towards the product or assist. Among these fragments, compet itors atomic number 18 easily able to ac bon ton product quality and price. But it is real difficult to imitate military service quality (Edward, George and Sarkar, 2010). Due to this, service quality has an enhanced role in creating value and loyalty for the product or service. Wallsten (2015) notes that the superior service quality of Uber has processed the company in creating value for nodes and in ontogeny loyal guest base in hack writercab industry. From the review of existing literature accessible on Ubers success in taxi industry, it can be unsounded that the ability of the company to offer better value, service quality and contraption was the main reasons for its success. inquiry purposeThe study intends to identify the impacts that created by Uber taxi Company in the UK taxi industry and analyse influence that the company made on minicabs in the country. The investigate accusatorys of the current research areTo evaluate the factors affecting satisfaction of cab customersTo appraise the factors contributing to the free-enterprise(a) favour of Uber in UK Taxi industryTo analyse the impact of Ubers ingathering on mini cabs of UKTo take into account suggestions to mini cabs of UK to remain combative in UK Taxi industry RationaleDespite being a start-up in the UK taxi industry, Uber cab operate had provided growth to the traditional taxi service in the country. The process made the countrys private taxi firm to stick out tall where other numerous taxi companies had failed. According to Megaw (2016), 97% of the organisation that tried fit their name in the industry had fallen at heart the first four months where Uber showed resilience in making an impact which flew beyond the capital. The company had expanded beyond borders leaving a note on taxi industry to look for an urgent lift in which the mini cabs have fancyd most of the damage. Uber was able to advance in each market that they have entered which led to protests and strikes in the UK. Uber Cab company tractableness had attracted few drivers who worked in mini cabs in London to join in the company. The low pricing outline that the company presented has made controversies as competitors had asseverate the practice unhealthy and artificial. Uber started its operation in the UK with four locations and increased the size to eighteen with 30,000 drivers in London (Torrance, 2016). Data abridgment interprets that since Uber started its operation, the private prosecute trading operations in London has attained a decline of 11% assuming minimum ten private taxi line completion in e actually month. The research seeks to identify major reasons for the customer to hire Uber cab over minicabs by comparing their service using service quality framework and looks to interpret recommendation for minicabs in order to go bad the situation. Scope and limitation of researchThe Uber Cab Company intervention to the UK taxi industry has been questioned severely by the minicab operators as their low payment ashes and other operations has affected minicabs and provoked few operators to end their operations in London area. The investigation gathers ample evidence for interpreting the features that attracted customers to Uber service so that certain recommendations could be drawn to the minicab operators in the UK for improving their business in the location.Research modeologyFor constituting the study, the researcher has to acquire efficient entropy on operations of some(prenominal) Uber Cab and minicab services. For carrying out the research some(prenominal) base and second-string winding information collection method is utilise by the researcher. The literature and journals on the depicted object are utilised to attain second-string selective information, and the elemental information is collected through executing a mickle on taxi customers. The review is conducted on 55 customers who commit taxi services in London in which 3 0 effeminate person and 25 manlike customers are targeted. The mess method enables researcher to understand consumer perspectives on services provided by Uber Cab and minicab companies improving study strength. The info achieved from books, journals, articles and websites travel to the secondary resources which are used by the researcher to analyse the issue further. The adequate information attained from these practices is used to provide significant interpretations for present research problems from which efficient recommendations are drawn for the minicab operators. Action plan Research objectiveBy when Resources to be used (2.1)when do you know this objective is achievedwhich is after the by when to ensure that you have actually achieve the objective How will you monitor this objective is being achieved? method of monitoring discipline awardion17th celestial latitude to 2second December 2017Books, articles and online journals for study topic selection21st December 20172 2nd December 2017Reporting on a regular basis to supervisorAim and objective preparation23rd to 24th December 2017Adequate journals and books23rd December 201724th December 2017Reporting on a regular basis to supervisorLiterature review25th December to tenth January 2017 subsidiary resources like books and publications twain online and offline for literature review preparation8th January 201710th January 2017Timely informing supervisor work circumstance updatesResearch methodstwelfth January to 16th April 2017Journals and books for perceiving research methods13th January 201715th April 2017 modify report status to supervisorData collection17th January to 16th February 2017 pile on customers as capital resource and data from books, journals and company reports as secondary resource15th February 201716th February 2017Communicating status to supervisor explanation of data17th February 1st March 2017Comparison of primary and secondary information and abstract descriptive methods25t h February 20171st March 2017Updating work status to supervisorConclusion and recommendationMarch 2nd 14th March 2017On the basis of interpreted data and analytic thinking13th March201714th March 2017Timely report to supervisorFinal submission15th March 20172.2 Undertake the proposed research investigation in accordance with the agreed specification and procedures.Questionnaire designThis research was deliberated to in the first place evaluate the effect of UBER Cab Company on mini cabs in the UK. For conducting the study, the research has opted UBER Cab Company to carry out the study. The research has mainly opted questionnaire method so as to gather data and information from the customers of UBER Cab Company to know more than well-nigh taxi and the electron orbit of them. For developing and evolving the questionnaire, the research has adopted Likert scale method, and to the customers of UBER Cab Company, the questionnaire was distributed with the supporter of critique method . By opting the customers of UBER Cab Company for conducting the survey, the data ga at that placed by the researcher was faithful and appropriate to the question of the research.Data collection methodFor the study, the research indomitable to opt primary data collection using survey method. The research was done with the attend to of survey that was carried out on the customers of a minicab in London. The researcher decided to opt about 55 as the example size for the study where 30 were women, and 25 were men. With the aid of survey method, the researcher could gain more knowledge and grounds about the company and the taxi services. All the research questions were related to the study and the questions prepared was simple and very easy to understand. This helped the researcher to get the opinions of customers.Advantages of survey methodWith the aid of primary research, the research could gain relevant, apt and specific answers when compared to any other research methods.With t he aid of Likert scales, the researcher could understand more about the topic and do not spend more time on the data collection.Survey method is cost effective and time-consuming.Disadvantages of survey methodThe survey that is unlikeable and structured might have less validity and reliability than other methods. in that location can be favourable answers been marked by the researcher so as to support the subject.The respondents will not be able to give their maximum as they will not be awake(predicate) of the reason behind the survey.Advantages and disadvantages of analysis of variance methodThe survey method was analysed with the aid of analysis of variance method through which qualitative data collection was collected. all over more than two groups the data are turn outd and reviewed constancy for gaining the result in the fountain analysis of variance method. The t-test is mainly compared to ANOVA methods as instead for ANOVA method t-test is used for the similar use.The ad vantages of ANOVA areANOVA method is mainly opted to relate groups of several(a) samples sizes when compared to the t-test.Without cumulating the probabilities of Type, I error, with the aid of ANOVA more than two grouped can be evaluated.The disadvantages of ANOVA are chimerical results can be gained from ANOVA if the samples are ga at that placed from the average population.ANOVA helps to makes sure if the samples are different from each other and in like manner indicates the samples that are different from the similar ones.D3 Justify the choice of data collection methodsTo get accurate and reliable data and information the researcher adopted primary research for this study conducted on UBER Cab Company. The research has adopted survey method as the research strategy to gather data from the customers of UBER Cab Company London. The responses gathered from different customers were different and had different opinion and suggestions. The questions were unkindly and structured thr ough Likert scales. Likert scales also aided the researcher in understanding the questionnaire. It was comparatively easy for the researcher to gather quantitative data with the help of survey methodology that made the research to be analysed easily with the aid of ANOVA method.2.3 Record and collate relevant data where appropriateThe researcher has used ANOVA analysis for testing the data collected from taxi customers of London. The researcher collected data from 55 taxi customers (30 effeminate and 25 male customers). The working hypothesis adopted by the researcher is that there is clear difference in taxi service preferences of male and female taxi customers of London. This working hypothesis is tested with the help of ANOVA analysis.SSdfMSFPPrice388.92861388.92869.240.028759Accessibility388.92861388.92865.080.073916 lash-up388.92861388.92863.560.117844Driver behaviour388.92861388.92866.690.049044Quality of car388.92861388.928610.890.021476Safety388.92861388.928614.90.0118792. 1 ANOVA analysis of customer needs from taxi serviceFrom the above ANOVA analysis it can be soundless that the opinions of male and female taxi customers significantly diverge in terms of their needs and expectations from taxi services available in UK. The analysis shows that female customers gave greater importance of safety, quality of car and driver behaviour when compared to male customers. On the other hand, male customers gave higher importance to convenience position while choosing taxi services.SSDfMSFPReliability388.92861388.92866.650.049507 trust388.92861388.928614.250.012957Tangibility388.92861388.92864.120.098139Empathy388.92861388.928611.680.018887Responsiveness388.92861388.92862.830.1533442.2 ANOVA analysis of customer judge of service quality of UberFrom the ANOVA analysis of the customer military rating of service quality of Uber it is clear that both male and female customers have diverging opinions regarding the different dimensions of service quality of Uber. For example, it is evident that reliability, empathy and assurance elements of service quality of were given higher rating by female customers while male customers gave higher importance to reactivity of the service of Uber.SSdfMSFPReliability388.92861388.92868.360.034132Assurance388.92861388.92865.710.062422Tangibility388.92861388.928621.020.005922Empathy388.92861388.92863.280.129892Responsiveness388.92861388.928611.020.021017 methodology I used simple random sample because it is the simplest way to select participants from a population. According to Saunders, et al., using these methods means that each individual in the population has the same chance of being selected for the sample (2012)The survey questionnaire was true on free online source distributed to employees via email, and social media messaging. Printed sheets of questionnaire were also provided for data collection. The pass judgment sample size is set to 100 participants from the target population and the sampling is undertaken based on simple random sampling method.2.3 ANOVA analysis of customer rating of service quality of UK minicabThe above analysis of customer rating of service quality of UK minicabs reveal that female customers hold very different view regarding the service of minicabs when compared to female customers. It is evident from the analysis that female customers opinion regarding the reliability, assurance, palpability and antiphonalness of minicabs diverge from that of their male counterparts.SSDfMSFPUber388.92861388.92862.430.179774Minicab388.92861388.928614.250.0129572.4 ANOVA analysis of customer likelihood of using of Uber and MinicabThe above ANOVA analysis shows that female customers are frequently more likely to not use minicabs than male customers. On the other both male and female customers are equally likely to use Uber as taxi service in London.3.1 Use appropriate research evaluation techniquesEffectiveness of Project planning was developed by the researcher fo r implementing the current research project. The plan entailed the main steps of the project on board milestones, objectives, review dates and resource allocation. This research plan was highly efficient in enabling the implementation of the research within the allocated time frame. matchless area where the research faced difficulty was in using ANOVA analysis method in data collation stage. The lack of knowledge and experience of the researcher in using ANOVA analysis method was a key obstacle in the smooth implementation of the research.Achievement of research objectivesObjective 1 To evaluate the factors affecting satisfaction of cab customersThe primary objective of the current research was to evaluate the factors affecting satisfaction of cab customers. From the survey of taxi customers in London, the researcher was able to understand that convenience and set aboutability were the most important factors that customers considered while selecting taxi service. From this it was inferred that convenience and accessibility of the cab service were the most important factors affecting satisfaction of UK cab customers.Objective 2 To assess the factors contributing to the combative advantage of Uber in UK Taxi industryOne of the other objectives of the research project was to assess the factors contributing to the competitive advantage of Uber in UK Taxi industry. With the help of the customer survey, the researcher evaluated the service quality dimensions of Uber. From this analysis it was understood that reliability, reactivity and tangibility of service of Uber was rated highly by customers. From this it can be understood that Uber gains competitive advantage in UK taxi sector by offering reliable, responsive and tangible service.Objective 3 To analyse the impact of Ubers growth on mini cabs of UK The other objective of the research to analyse the impact of Ubers growth on mini cabs of UK. This was achieved by comparing the service quality of minicabs with that of Uber. From this comparison it was revealed that that reliability, responsiveness and tangibility of service of minicabs were inferior to that of Uber. This gap in service quality dimensions can be adjudged as the reason for the success of Uber in UK taxi market at the expense of minicabs.Objective 4 To provide suggestions to mini cabs of UK to remain competitive in UK Taxi industry The extend objective of the research project was to provide suggestions to mini cabs of UK to remain competitive in UK Taxi industry. Form the research project it was understood that reliability, responsiveness and tangibility of service of minicabs were inferior to that of Uber. Hence it is recommended that minicabs seek improvement in reliability, responsiveness and tangibility elements of their service.Effectiveness of research methodsIn the current research, survey method was used for accumulate data from taxi customers in London. This data collection method was highly effective as it help ed the researcher in collecting data from large number of customers with relative ease. As the data was collected from London this improves the validity of the research findings as London has a very diverse population. However, the research findings cannot be extrapolated across UK as the scope of the study was limited to London city.The research study is using both primary and secondary data. Primary data is obtained from the online survey and appropriate case study examples to interpret the results and Analysis. Secondary data has been used in Literature review .This section starts off by introducing you to four commonly used qualitative data collection methods. These collection methods and many others are also described and explained how to use them in evaluation. It then explains how you may go about involving participants This is also known as sampling. The section ends with a discussion of a couple of approaches to qualitative data analysis. I will have to use some of these me thods as part of your routine project monitoring activities, in a needs assessment or baseline or as part of an evaluation exercise.Quantitative and Qualitative data collection methodsThere are two ways of analysing qualitative data. One approach is to examine your findings with a pre-defined framework, which reflects your aims, objectives and interests. This approach is relatively easy and is closely aligned with indemnity and programmatic research which has pre-determined interests. This approach allows you to focus on particular answers and abandon the rest. I refer to this approach as framework analysis (Pope et al, 2000).The second approach takes a more exploratory perspective, encouraging me to consider and code all your data, allowing for new impressions to shape my interpretation in different and unexpected directions. I refer to this approach as thematic network analysis (Attride, 2001).Benefits of research resultsThe main benefit of the research results is that they outli ne the scope of competition between Uber and minicabs in UK taxi sector. This would help minicab service providers in understanding the areas where there is scope for improvement in their service.Difficulties faced in the researchOne of the main difficulties faced in the current research was related to collecting data from taxi customers in London. The researcher faced difficulty in collecting data as the researcher lacked previous experience in collecting primary data through survey.3.2 Interpretation and analysis of data1. GenderPie graph 1 Gender of the survey respondentsSource Created by the writeGender of the survey respondents is represented by the above pie diagram. From the above diagram, it is observed that relatively increased number of females (54.55%) constituted the participants of this survey program.2. evaluate the spare-time activity factor in terms of their significance in your selecting a particular taxi serve (Scale of 1-5 where 1= rattling high and 5= Very lo w) measure chart 1 Ranking of factors that customers considers in selecting a taxi serveSource Created by the referenceAnalysing the significance of the various factors that a customer considers while adopting a taxi service, it is observed that convenience and accessibility were the mostly rated elements. The importance of safety element and pricing strategy were also place from the customer responses. Thus it could be interpreted from this survey result that service efficiency, product attribute and pricing constitutes the main elements that influence the decision-making the process of the customers. This is in line with the literature study of Wallsten (2015) that explains the concept of Quality-value-loyalty chain.3. count the following elements of service quality of Uber on a scale of 1-5 where 1 = Very good and 5= Very bad?Bar chart 2 Customer rating for the service attributes of UberSource Created by the authorResponsiveness, tangibility and reliability were the highly rat ed characteristic features of Uber services. This is in line with the findings of Sundararajan (2014) and Isaac (2014) who identified that service excellence was the key element that provided an improved competitive advantage for Uber. However, it is also observed from the above pie diagram that Uber has received a disallow customer response regarding its assurance.4. Rate the following elements of service quality of minicabs of UK on a scale of 1-5 where 1 = Very good and 5= Very bad?Bar chart 3 Rating for the service quality of minicabs of UKSource Created by the authorA multitude of opinions was gathered from the customers regarding their rating for the service quality of minicabs. However analysing the above bar diagram it is unmistakable that majority of the customers has given comparatively a higher rating for the empathy element in the service quality of UK minicabs.5. Rate the likelihood of you using the following services when you use taxi service next time on a scale of 1-5 (1= Very high and 5=Very low)Bar chart 4 Probability of selecting Uber and minicab servicesSource Created by the authorAnalysing the probability of customers in selecting a taxi service, it is observed that majority of the participants opined that they prefer to opt Uber services. This signifies that Uber has achieved an improved recognition and competitive advantage compared to other minicab services of UK, which is in line with the reports of Isaac (2014) and Wallsten

Military Power of the Roman Army

Military Power of the popish ArmyOCdt A. Lopez-Espinosa maven of the virtually iconic images of the papist Empire is that of the roman type pass a visual representation of the Empires power and its willingness to exercise it. Curiously, the popular image of the papist soldier is not entirely accurate, in that the idealized image that more or less hold is singular and constant in nature, yet the papist ground forces was anything but, undergoing many changes in equipment and composition throughout the reign of ancient Rome. In fact, few things remained the same as the years went on save for the roman type armys tradition of suss out and order, the padion of new tactics and organizational structures was a defining feature of the roman soldiers, and here lies the source of the roman type armys superiority.1 The papist armys power came from its adaptability, which allowed it to react to new challenges presented by opponents, and from its tradition of harsh elucidate, which resulted in better trained forces with increased tactical and strategic capabilities. The effects of these factors plunder be seen in the many inclines in which Romes forces participated, with the papisticals adapting their equipment, tactics, and formations, and adopting those of its enemies, along with their commodious discipline existence important contributors to their success.2In Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline, Montesquieu states that, the circumstance which contributed approximately to render the Romans masters of the world was, that having contended successively against all nations, they invariably renounced their experience usages as soon as they found better (20), thus effectively identifying one of the Roman armys primary sources of power.3Unlike many of the armies of the season, the Romans had no qualms some changing their protest practices in order to more effectively engagement an foeman, or to even adopt those of other nations that they deemed to be effective. This made it so that the Roman army became not just more experienced with all(prenominal) encounter, but better in any number of practical ways, with changes to their own methods and adoption of enemy tactics and equipment. Ultimately, the Romans military might was so bully because it was composed of the strengths of eery nation they had defeated. This virtue of adaptability was seen in some of its soonest examples with Romulus adopting the Sabines buckler, which was larger and thereof provided more protection than the Argive buckler that he previously used.4 While to the modern reader this may seem far outdoor(a) from a revolutionary idea, it was at the time, and as such conceded an exceptional utility to the Romans. As remarked by Montesquieu and translated in A Treatise on the Science of state of war and fortress, It is remarkable, that the nations vanquished by the Romans never inquired into the causes of their repeate d defeats but persevered in the use of their weapons and institutions to the plump moment of their political existence (OConnor, 71).5 Clearly, this doctrine of assimilation and adjustment was moderately unique for its time, and thereby allowed the Roman Legions to continuously evolve, with new tactics, equipment, and training.An even greater testament to the adaptability of the Romans was that they did not except assimilate or adapt to the innovations of the armies after(prenominal) having defeated them, but would do so throughout a campaign as well, learning from every defeat in order to in the end take victory back. A good example of this was upon encountering the elephants of Pyrrhus, where the unfamiliar animals routed the Roman cavalry, their horses, before they got approximate the animals, were terrified and ran away with their riders (Plutarch, XVII.3), but the Romans allowed this to happen only once.6 In response, they first supplied the weakness of their cavalry by taking away the bridles from the horses, and afterwards by mixing velites with their cavalry proper (Montesquieu, 55).7The Romans strategy of adaptation and adoption showed clear results on the battlefield time and time again. In this way, many a campaign that seemed lost at first was lastly reclaimed by them, careful to ascertain in what respects their enemy might possess some superiority over them they immediately took follow up accordingly (Montesquieu, 54), and thereby turn the tides in their favour once more.8 In short, a great factor in the Roman armys success was its doctrine of constant evolution if someone was doing something better, do what they are doing. In this way, the Roman army continuously evolved into a force that had the best traits of all powers in the area as summarized by Josephus If any nation enjoyed any ill-tempered advantage they at once availed themselves of the same. They did not neglect to provide themselves with Numidian horses, Cretan archers, Bal earic slingmen, and Rhodian ships. In fine, no nation ever prepared for war with so much prudence, or carried it on with so much audacity (Montesquieu, 56).9The Romans exercised other great advantage over their contemporaries discipline. Many of the armies of their time beingness composed of non-professional soldiers, and those that did have standing armies had them composed of barbarians and undisciplined military personnel. As such, it would a good deal come about that the Romans claimed victory despite being grossly outnumbered, Roman troops always being the better disciplined, it was likely, even in the most fatal combats, that they would rally in part, or that the enemy would somewhere be thrown into disorder and although overborne in the beginning , they finally wrested victory from their hands (Montesquieu, 54).10This great discipline was of the utmost importance to the Roman armys success, and so it was instilled from the moment that a man would enlist. They began tra ining at military schools, increasing physical strength, dexterity, and weapons handling, with the most famous of these being the Campus Martius in ancient Rome.11 All of this contributed to the Roman soldier becoming the best version of himself, which in turn resulted in a greater esprit de corps and overcharge, and ultimately a greater willingness to fight. This transferred directly to the battlefield, where the Roman forces would rarely break formation despite being presented with an overwhelming enemy, and whose formations were then powerful and resilient enough to overcome these same enemies. The discipline that Roman soldiers exhibited came from two factors, one being the risk of penalisation, and the other being Roman felicitate, with each being effective in their own right.The pride that Romans matte up in their place in the military was an effective component in maintaining order amongst the troops by being preventative a Roman soldier did not wish to forsake his duty because of his pride. This could be seen in the rarity of Roman desertions, which resulted from the fact that soldiers drawn from the bosom of a race so proud, so haughty, so confident of dominating other peoples, could little think so far undervaluing themselves as to cease to be Romans (Montesquieu, 53).12 This pride went beyond retention and increased morale and combat effectiveness, as this pride allowed a Roman soldier to believe in himself and his brothers in fortification all the more.13The other source of Roman military discipline cauline from the threat of punishment for those who were lacking. This began from the earliest days of a soldiers career when exertion was unsatisfactory they were punished accordingly, and so it became that corporal punishment to enforce discipline was part of a soldiers way of life (Saller, 136).14 Despite corporal punishment becoming the norm for these soldiers, there existed far more severe punishments that served as extreme deterrents for the most extreme cases of a soldiers misconduct, the most famous of these being the decimation of a unit. As describe by PolybiusIf the same thing ever happens to large bodies, and if entire maniples desert their posts when exceedingly hard pressed, the officers refrain from inflicting the pommel or the death penalty on all, but find a solution of the difficulty which is both salutary and terror-striking. The tribune assembles the legion, and brings up those guilty of sledding the ranks, reproaches them sharply, and finally chooses by grasss sometimes five, sometimes eight, sometimes cardinal of the offenders, so adjusting the number thus chosen that they form as near as possible the tenth part of those guilty of cowardice. Those on whom the lot falls are bastinadoed mercilessly in the manner above described the rest receive rations of barley instead of wheat and are tenacious to encamp outside the camp on an unprotected spot. As therefore the danger and dread of drawing the fa tal lot affects all equally, as it is uncertain on whom it will fall and as the public set down of receiving barley rations falls on all alike, this practice is that best deliberate to both inspire fear and to correct the mischief. (Polybius, 38)15This punishment is exemplary of the aline of consequences that could befall a soldier who lacked discipline if ones pride was not motivation enough, then these would be.Clearly, both methods of encouraging discipline amongst Roman troops were effective, and in turn this discipline was a powerful asset of the Roman army. The Roman armys unmatched discipline on the battlefield proved itself to be a source of strength and a great advantage time and time again. Especially against barbaric forces, even when outnumbered the Romans would hold, and the undisciplined enemy forces would be routed despite their numerical advantage, and they would thereby finally wrest victory from their hands (Montesquieu, 54).16The Roman Empires military might w as what allowed it to expand and maintain its power and influence, and so the Empire was only as strong as its army. The Roman armys power came from their willingness to adapt and their strict doctrine of discipline, and this is further apparent in how the armies of subsequent eras were eager to adopt these same ideals, and when doing so became far more successful.ReferencesGoldsworthy, Adrian. 2003. The Complete Roman Army. capital of the United Kingdom Thames and Hudson Ltd.Montesquieu, and Jehu Baker. 1882. Montesquieus Considerations on the Causes of the importance and Decadence of the Romans. New York D. Appleton and Company.OConnor, John M. 1817. A Treatise on the Science of War and Fortification. New York J. Seymour.Plutarch. n.d. Life of Pyrrhus.Polybius. n.d. Book 6.Saller, Richard P. 1997. Patriarchy, Property and finis in the Roman Family. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.1 Adrian Goldsworthy, The Complete Roman Army (London Thames and Hudson Ltd., 2003).2 Montesqui eu and Jehu Baker, Montesquieus Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans (New York D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 54.3 Ibid, 20.4 Ibid, 20.5 John OConnor, A Treatise on the Science of War and Fortification (New York J. Seymour, 1817), 71.6 Plutarch, Life of Pyrrhus (n.d.), XVII.3.7 Montesquieu and Jehu Baker, Montesquieus Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans (New York D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 55.8 Ibid, 54.9 Ibid, 56.10 Ibid, 54.11 Ibid, 49-51.12 Ibid, 53.13 Ibid, 53-54.14 Richard P. Saller, Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1997), 136.15 Polybius, Book VI (n.d.), 38.16 Montesquieu and Jehu Baker, Montesquieus Considerations on the Causes of the Grandeur and Decadence of the Romans (New York D. Appleton and Company, 1882), 54.

Matching the Differences in Grammar

co-ordinated the Differences in GrammarMatching the Differences in Grammar and Lexicon in Translation ProcessIntroductionIn Nidas view, Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor lecture the closest natural equivalent of the source- quarrel, kickoff in terms of nitty-gritty and secondly in terms of bearing (Nida, Eugene A., 1975 14). In other row, translation is the process of trans placementa skeletaleation from a vocabulary intersection (or text) produced in 1 language to a speech product (or text) in another language. During this process of transformation the level of content in the source text should remain un agitated. However, the modes of thinking and expression of face and Chinese ar very diametric. The influential European-born American literary critic, voice, and educator George Steiner remarks, The difficulties of translating Chinese into a western language argon notorious. Chinese is composed in the main of monosyllabic units with a wide range of di verse meanings. The grammar lacks sop up distort distinctions. The characters be logographic but many contain pictorial bedrock or suggestions. The relations mingled with propositions are paratactic rather than syntactic and punctuation marks represent breathing pauses far more than than they do luculent or well-formed segmentations. (George Steiner/After Babel, 1998 271) Chinese is a refined language with a tightly knit structure. Though it is one of the most past languages in the world, it still has strong expressiveness and utility value. During the process of translation, various differences mingled with the grammar and lexicon are very common. The Chinese translator can never be so cock real of what an side of meat meter or passage sincerely means without existence crystal clear around its syntactic and textual structure as well as the lexical and grammatical meanings of the expressions it contains. And a well-trained bilingual translator should have the ability to handle all these differences and revert out a compete transcript of the original work, making sure the style and manner of writing are of the same character as that of the source text. In the following begin, I will analyze about features in the grammar and lexicon of position and Chinese and give some translation strategies.LexiconEnglish has a large vocabulary. Historically, it absorbed a giant number of scripts from other languages, i.e. French, Latin and Greek. Given the various origins and the synonyms already existed in English, the English speaker always have several choices to express a trusted meaning. Hence at that place are many synonyms and near-synonyms in English. Also, polysemy appears wide in this language. Chinese has copious synonyms as well as near-synonyms, too. So the translators need to carefully consider the differences between all of the options and find the compensate word to use in particular situations.There is no change of forms in Chinese voc abulary. The Chinese language users mainly express the meaning of a convict through the words, the word baseball clubs and their internal logical relations. The English vocabulary has copious changes of forms, for instance, the nouns have singular and plural forms the verbs have different forms when the person, the case, the tense, or the mood is changing the adjectives and adverbs both have the comparative power point and the superlative degree many words in any case can number the prefix or the suffix to change its meaning. While translating English to Chinese, the translator needs to add some words or change the form of Statement to show the change of forms in the English text. While translating Chinese to English, the translator should change certain forms to match the tense, the mood and the voice in the Chinese text. Here are both English sentences and their Chinese translations. His being neglected by the host added to his uncomfortableness (). With defenses rigidly co nstructed in our bear childhood and beyond, we can become frozen in our ability to hold to the brand-new role of caring for our children in a consistent and clear manner. Normal aspects of our childrens experience such as their emotionality, their helplessness and vulnerability, and their dependence on us can feel threatening and become intolerable (,,,,) In the initiatory sentence, added to is translated as not which is translated word by word because uneasiness means which does not fit well with . The second sentence comes from a psychological book about parenthood named Parenting from the Inside Out which was translated to Chinese by me. There are two children in the text, I translated the first to and the second . The reason is that the first one is in the text of the new role of caring for our children, it is improper to say which is too redundant. Based on the code of the Chinese language, I omitted ? which stands for the plural form and which is a part of the subjec t that needless to mention.Generally speaking, in English, nouns, prepositions, adjectives and adverbs are more participating and can express more meanings in the sentences duration in Chinese, verbs, phrases and clauses are more powerful. Some adverbs in English are very illuminating which can be translated as a separate Chinese sentence or clause. In contrast, some Chinese clauses can be translated as a certain English word. For example, ,(He is a greenhand).GrammarThe overt cohesive relationships between parts of the texts are necessarily linked to a languages grammatical system (Halliday and Hasan 1976 44). Thus, grammatical differences between languages will be expressed by changes in the types of ties used to mark cohesion in the source and target texts (Shoshana Blum-Kulka, 1986 18). I will analyze the grammatical differences between English and Chinese in terms of sentence word order, sentence structure and paragraph sentience. blame Word OrderThere are some similarities in the word order of the sentences between English and Chinese, for example, the orders of the main part of a sentence (the subject, the predicate, the object and the predicative) are the same. The differences lie in the positions of the attribute and the adverbial.Position of judgeIn Chinese sentences, the attribute is always in front of the modify noun. As for English, if the attribute is a word, it is placed in front of the circumscribed noun too if the attribute is a phrase, then its position is always potty the noun. For example, The man you saw yesterday is his cousin().Position of adverbialIf the adverbial is a word, it should be placed in front of the modified adjectives and other adverbials, no matter in English or Chinese. For example, He works very hard ().While the adverbial (a word) is modifying a verb, for Chinese, it should be placed in front of the modified word for English, the position is more flexible. For instance, IT industry has been growing rapidly in th ese years(IT).The molecules of a gas are moving about extremely fast in all directions ().If the adverbial is a phrase, when it is modifying a verb, in English, the position of the phrase is flexible while in Chinese, in most cases, the phrase is in front of the modified part, e.g. William left the sleuth without a word ().Sentence structureThe English sentences value hypotaxis while the Chinese sentences pay more attention on parataxis. The English language always use morphological changes, conjunctions, prepositions, attributive clauses and supreme structures to indicate the grammatical relation between sentence elements. Having no morphological changes, attributive clauses and absolute structures and few conjunctions and prepositions, the grammatical relations between elements in Chinese sentences are often indicated implicitly. The Chinese sentential form is more casual than English. For instance, They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives (,,,).Paragraph awarenessIn English, if the whole paragraph only mentioned one person or a certain thing, the subjects seldom change which keeps coherence of the text. As for Chinese, there is no such rule for maintaining the subjects in a paragraph. Hence, while translating a Chinese paragraph to English, the translator should pay attention to the subjects. Here is an example. ,,,,, (She got into her moderate and was soon carried through the city wall. Peeping through the gauze panel which served as a window, she could see streets and buildings more rich and elegant and throngs of people more lively and numerous than she had ever seen in her life before) (Yang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995 72). This sentence comes from the mere Chinese Literature A Dream of Red Mansions and the English magnetic variation was translated by Chinese translators Yang Hsien-yi and his wife Gladys Yang. The Chinese paragraph does not flat mention the subject, but we can define that there are two subjects in this paragraph the person and the street. As for the English version, in order to keep the coherence, the translator skillfully merges the second subject into the text by taking it as the object.ConclusionOne of the translation standards put off by Chinese translator and reformer Yan Fu in the 19th coke is allegiance (and the rest two are comprehensiveness and elegance). It is obvious that faithfulness is the most important standard among the three. However, there are disparities between one language and another disparities in lexicon, in grammar and in linguistic structure, and so on So it is impossible to achieve the absolute faithfulness. But a master key bilingual translator can achieve the real faithfulness in a possible sense a faithful translation in good formality with not only the original context, but also the original form and style. Though there are many differences in lexicon and grammar betw een Chinese and English, as long as the translators mind these differences and go through the related translation strategies, they still can contribute very ambiguous translations and help people speaking different languages communicate with each other.(1,942 words)ReferencesHalliday, M. and R. Hasan, 1976. coherency in English. London Longman.George Steiner, After Babel, 1998. Aspects of Language and Translation. Oxford Oxford University PressNida, Eugene A., 1975. Language expression and Translation. Stanford Standford University Press, CaliforniaShoshana blum-kulka, 1986. Interlingual and Intercultural Communication Discourse and Cognition in Translation and support Language Acquisition Studies. Tubingen NarrYang Hsien-yi/ Gladys Yang, 1995. A Dream of Red Mansions. Beijing abroad Languages Press 12/16/2009 Page7 of 7

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A Multinational Corporation Finance Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of A multinational muckle Finance tryThe entities which atomic number 18 operating in more than unmatched country be c onlyed Multinational Corporations. The typical Multinational Corporation functions with a headquarter in iodin country while an another(prenominal)(prenominal) facilities are found in other countries. Multinational Corporation is similarwise referred to transnational corporation. The model of the Multinational Corporation may vary but its simplest abidance is maven that is headquarter in one country and its working units in other countries. Its main reason is that companies nominate advantage of reducing cost for the production of goods and also for the services.Its another form is that all main functions are performed in the origin country of cite comp all and subsidiaries are less function independently. The start of much(prenominal) phase of line is traced is truly old near about 17th degree centigrade but in the 21st century. Multinational Corporation also coifs in existence collectable to merger of different companies in different countries.Advantages of Multinational CorporationThere are many different reasons why a high society practices as a Multinational Corporation. These reasons are given at a lower placeMultinational companies stinkpot avoid or reduce their transportation cost.Economies of outstrip also can be achieved.Multinational companies have less risk of bankruptcy than small or non-multinational companies.Research and development process is also more in practice.Wage level in different countries is different, which is a major advantage.Due to globalization, different markets are available.Currency FluctuationsCurrency variant is referred to the heightens of a relative value in one money when compared to other country. The process of cash fluctuation is chokering every day which brings changes in respect of transpose of different currencies of different countrie s. It is the money fluctuation which attracts is investors to invest in different currencies for gaining the profit. There are upward or d avouchward straw man in the currencies that refers to appreciate or depreciate of currencies. If an investor invests in a capital if that currency depreciates in accordance to investors own currency and so thither is a profit while if that currency appreciates in accordance of the investors own currency thusly in that respect is a loss. Political issues may feature the currency fluctuation. If there are political issues of currency fluctuation there will be short term impact also it may be long term.What is FOREX ( immaterial mass meeting)? unconnected replace is commerce of one theatrical role of currency for another. Foreign change over has no physical location and no central change same(p) other financial markets. It ope accounts through a global network of banks, corporations and individuals trading one currency for another. Th e abroad exchange market is the worlds largest financial market which works 24 hours in a day which trades a abundant amount of currencies of different countries. Not like any other financial market, investors can counter to currency fluctuations caused by frugal, political and social events at the time when they occur, without having to wait for exchanges to open. The currency markets are not new that they have been around for as long as banks have been established for the dealing and traffics of money. What is relatively new is the receptivity of these markets to the individual investor, mainly the small- to medium-sized trader.A Short History of the Foreign Exchange Trading grocery storeForeign exchange markets mainly established to set out easy cross border trade in which there is closeness of different currencies by governments, companies and individual investors. More ever these markets generally existed to cater for the international movement of capital and money, ev en the initial markets had speculators. Today, a slap-up part of Foreign Exchange market working is being find by assumption, arbitrage and professional dealing, in which currencies are traded like any other commodity. The Retail Investors only means of gaining contact to the foreign exchange market was through banks that transacted in a huge amount of currencies for technical and speculation purposes. After exchange rates were allowed to float freely in 1971, the volume of trade has been increased over the time. Most of the worlds major currencies were pegged to the US dollar due to an agreement that is called the Britton Woods Agreement. The participating countries try to keep on the value of their currencies against US Dollar also with the rate of the gold. These countries are leap to devalue their currencies for the purpose of gaining advantage.Types of markets and transactionsThere are two types of markets or transaction which are very common.Spot market / spot transaction Forward market / forward transactionsIn spot transactions, purchasing and selling certain amount of foreign currency are based on current market rate and settlement are do and paid for without more ado. On the other hand, Forward transactions, are deals lay for future settlement, to be paid for on decided dates on or by and by delivery.Characteristics of Foreign Exchange MarketThere are any(prenominal) characteristics of Foreign Exchange Markets such asVolume of trading is very huge.By the use of technologies like internet the foreign exchange trading centers are linked together to get updated information and for the trading.Due to the integrating of trading centers there is no significant arbitrage.Functions of Foreign Exchange MarketsWhat good-hearted of functions of Foreign Exchange Market performs are give below manoeuver of purchasing power.Financing of inventory in transit.Hedging.Conversion of currencies.Reducing of foreign exchange risks.Participants of the Foreign Ex change MarketThere are the participants of the Foreign Exchange Markets those participates in dealing and transactions.Banks Foreign Exchange Dealers.Individuals Firms.Speculators Arbitrageurs.Central Banks Treasuries.Foreign Exchange Brokers.Foreign Exchange minutes AdvantagesThe advantages of the foreign exchange transactions are such asCommission Free Transaction involve TransactionsRound the Clock MarketLeverage (huge investment refers to huge profit)Highly LiquidFree online informationForeign Exchange Transactions DisadvantagesThere are some disadvantages of foreign exchange transactions such asLeverage (huge investment refers to great loss)Brokers (inexperienced, unfaithful)Spreads (broker generally quote a fixed spread)Role of Foreign Exchange Markets in the Global Market PlaceExchange rateForeign currency denominated financial cockExchange rate is referred to that how much units of one currency are needful to purchase the one unit of other currency and foreign exchang e denominated financial instrument is referred to bond, stock or a bank fixate whose value is denominated in the currency of another country. When you carry out business in a foreign country, you will have to exchange currencies relate at some existing exchange rate. The price of one countrys currency in terms of another country is called the exchange rate. When the currency of one country drops in value there will be an same appreciation of value in another countrys currency. Depreciation (devalue of currency) occurs when it takes more currency to purchase the currency of another country. Appreciation (increase in value of currency) is in force(p) the opposite the currency is able to purchase more units of the other countrys currency. Since well-nigh currencies are esteemed according to the market, commonly there are changeless changes to exchange rates.Foreign Exchange RisksForeign exchange risk is usually defined as Multinational Corporation faces variability in their curr ency values of assets, liabilities and operating income due to the unexpected currency fluctuation. That variability can be reduce or eliminate partially or fully. categorization of scenesThere we can classify the Foreign Exchange pictorial matters in terzetto types such asTransaction exposuresedition exposuresEconomic exposuresAll these exposures individually affect the outcome of the business. How these exposures affect a business now we take hold of individually all these exposures.Transaction ExposureTransaction risk occur when any company grooms trade, borrows, lend and sell the fixed assets of its subsidiaries company all these operations takes lot of time so during that time when times come for the payment then there is real change of exchange rate so it refers to the Transaction Exposure.Let see an example, a Pakistani importer pick out a deal for the some kind of commodity with United States suppliers after the delivery when time comes for payment if the importer pa ys in local currency (PKR) then the United States supplies is at risk, if the payment is in foreign currency (USD) then the importer is at risk. Usually in this case exporter is at risk of exchange rate risk because supplier quotes the price in buyers currency.Translation ExposureTranslation risk have to face when a parent company making its financial statements in its local currency. Because when consolidating the earnings, liabilities and assets of the subsidiaries company to the local currency then the exchange rate has changed, due to this exchange rate change the value of that asset when acquired has changed same to liability and earnings. Financial statements have to make in a single local currency for the stakeholders. Subsidiaries companies value (assets, liabilities, earnings) is shown in financial statements in local currencies at current exchange rate.Translation exposure depends upon the translation method. There are two common methods are used for the translation such a sCurrent / non-current methodpecuniary / non-monetary methodIn current / non-current method current assets and liabilities are translated at current rate (closing rate at the time of making residual sheet), while non-current assets and liabilities are translated at the historical rates (the rate when asset was acquired and the liability incurred). According to this method only current assets and liabilities are undefended to currency fluctuation.In monetary / non-monetary method the monetary assets and liabilities are translated at the current rate while the non-monetary assets an liabilities are translated at the historical rate. In this method monetary assets and liabilities are exposed to currency fluctuation.Economic ExposureThe change in the present value of a company due to change in future cash flows which caused by the fluctuation of the exchange rates. Cash flows can be classified in to two types like cash flows due to contractual commitment and the cash flows due to pas s judgment future transactions. Every transaction exposure is included in the economic exposure.Let see an example, when the cost of a Multinational Company incurs in one currency and its sales generated in other currency so, the free-enterprise(a) advantage of the Multinational Company is affected by the change in exchange rate. Simply profit of the Multinational Company can light if the cost currency appreciates and

Perceptions of health, disability, illness and behaviour

Perceptions of wellness, disability, malady and conductPERCEPTIONS OF health, DISABILITY, ILLNESS AND conductHow health and cordial business organization exploiters relate to the concepts of impairment and intriguing demeanorsUsers of health and mixer c atomic number 18 are usually in need of social share depending on the nature and intensity of their illness. Disabled soulistics like Mr. Holland greens are why the importance of the underlying kinships between health, disability and illnesses essential(prenominal) be understood and and develop strategies that will ensure go bad quality of life for him and otherwise users alike. Severe medical conditions kitty consequent in limited access to proper health upkeep even as m slightly(prenominal)(prenominal) in the general hu realitys shorten down the misconception nearly how health electric charge is received by someones with disabilities. Recent laws and policies by the government like the impediment Dis crimination effect, which covers all community health thrill renovations and hospitals compels go providers to make specialized adjustments to health fearfulness practices, and overly to as veritable the practicality of these adjustments is directed towards users with particular(prenominal) necessarily as is the case with Mr. Holland viridity.Impact of past and present policies and legislations on available healthcare runMr. Holland common land is currently a ingredient of a family that cares for him for very(prenominal) much hence it is typical for other members of his family to disturb almost his wellbeing in all care home he departs in.In the past, legislations and social policies are developed in general cost that encompasses every health and social sector with policies affecting the general in the public eye(predicate) and every one(a) residing within the United Kingdom. However, changes that been make over the years to suit specific aspects of the community, and precise laws are developed and others redefined to guarantee that every individualist unheeding of their medical condition, race, social class, religion or ethnicity receives the lift out care available.Mr. Holland cat valium is over a certain age and may be distressed about being subjected to any kind of abuse or dominate due to his health. This is because the society may sometimes be unwelcoming to behaviours exhibited by individuals with certain illness, as some exhibit behaviours that may view as foreign and unusual. This is why the legislations are defined in such a demeanor that mess, especially workers of care homes must abandon the general negative perceptions about modify users, and commit only to the provision of adapted and adequate health care services to such individuals.The family of Mr. Holland Park will have nobody to worry about as every kind of misconception about any kind of illness will be overlooked and the best care made available for him in thi s care home or whichever one as the policies are well monitored and regular unannounced checks are make to certify adherence to these legislations.The promotion and protection of disability rights has been modify majorly in the United Kingdom, making the United Kingdom a pioneer in liaison of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD).Policies and Legislation in juvenile yearsUnder the constipation Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA 1995), it is a infraction of law to discriminate against change people in areas of including provision of services, employment, goods or facilities. Hence making it an obligation for service providers to ensure sensible modifications are made to engage disabled individuals in using their services. Consequent modifications were made via derivative legislations like Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (Amendment) Regulations 2003 finished headspring legislation like the Disability Discrimination Act 2005 and Special educational Needs and Disability Act 2001. These acts made provision for a Disability Equality Duty making it a responsibility for public governance to take passive roles in the promotion of fairness in manipulation of disabled people.The Human Rights Act 1998 calls for the need for every public leave to operate in a way which is attuned with the rights put in stead in the European Convention on Human Rights. Should public governance fall short, touch on individuals and their families are permitted to seek a judicial remedy. reality authorities include central social and health care homes, discipline Health Service (NHS) and their trusts, Government, and most(prenominal) providers of public services.In recent times, in that location is a more than direct approach to the UK anti-discrimination legislation via the Equality Act 2010 which annulled and replaced the DDA in Great Britain alone. This Act not only encompasses the protection of disabled individuals from any kind of segregation, provided also applied modifications to certain responsibilities of the public authorities regarding the participation of disabled individuals in policy decisions.The Equality 2025 was created in 2006 as a government has a themed goal Improving the sprightliness Chances of Disabled People with a year 2025 target for disabled individual living in Britain to the treated as equal members of the society and have full access to develop their quality of life. It is particularly designed to financial aid disabled people attain independent living by woful gradually towards individual budgets that will bring together various services they will be entitled to and giving them various choices over versatile support from either direct provision of services and/or money.HOW HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SERVICES SUPPORT INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS obtainable care needs for Mr. Holland ParkMr. Holland Park being an elderly man in the early stages of dementia and additional visual and hearing disabilities center he will be needing special attention as his behaviours dexterity sometimes be queer, and at other grievous times fitful and violent. The care home will be heightened on providing supporter that will uphold his liberty and therefore enable his stability whilst receiving proficient services that will suit his individual needs.Provision of audio-visual equipment will attention Mr. Holland Park to make the best of his little sight. This will be later a proper assessment has been carried out by master copys to determine the seriousness of his blindness. As he is also hearing impaired, it will be best to make sure that he moves around the care home safely by having rotational care staff check on his whereabouts on a regular basis and a log kept to this effect. Also, he will need to participate in regular activities to keep him in good spirit.Being partly deaf-blind skunk be ambitious for Mr. Holland Park as he may sometimes tint less capable, i t is the craft of our care home to ensure that he feels less challenged by agreeable him in peer group activities that involves other service users. This way, he feels more active and energetic and he piece of ass take his mind off any heavy thought of being a burden to others.The most important factor to providing the best care services to Mr. Holland Park is that the care staffs will never regard his challenging behaviours as a crop of challenge, that will work towards providing him with a comfortable lifestyle by ensuring his hygiene is well taken care of. Also, his laundry will be done for him and meals and drinks will be prepared as he wants it on a timely basis and he will have a variety of menu of consume from. Should he be entitled to any benefits, we will make it our duty to assist him in claiming these benefits for him and the family and provide any necessary references or letters to state that he is under our care. accessible local services to support Mr. Holland Park and his familyDisabled individuals like Mr. Holland Park with dementia care are eligible for Special Rehabilitation operate that are provided by Disability Service Teams via direct referrals from health care providers. He and his family will benefit from this service as it will admirer to develop his independence and quality of life.A register for blind and partially blind are kept by the local authority, for provision of further assistance with the Eye Care Trust, and Mr. Holland Park is entitled to receive subsidize and mostly free consultation and treatment, and extra support should he choose to register.The Alzheimers Society is an organisation that assists individuals with dementia (as is the case with Mr. Holland Park) and is supported by the National Health Service (NHS) and Community Care 1990, to assess his needs and provide certain services as required. His family will benefit from consequent aids and care that will not affect their budget heavily.Powers of attor neyIt is contingent sometime in the future when Mr. Holland Parks symptoms execute very serious and he is unable to decide on his pecuniary resource or medical treatment. It is best to make arrangements for this by drawing up different Lasting Powers of Attorney- the first to take care of financial decisions and the other to handle health and welfare decisions. Mr. Holland Park will need to propose a trusted member of the family to act on his behalf should his disability get to this extent. You can find out more information about this, you can call AGE UK or Carers Direct.APPROACHES AND INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR INDIVIDUALS WITH SPECIFIC NEEDS interference strategies for Mr. Holland Park who is the early stages of dementia focuses primarily on tackling the cognitive symptoms that can lead to erratic behaviours. The effectiveness of these interventions will help to enhance his individual functioning and reduce stress, depression or agitation which is common in individuals exper iencing disability.The best therapy applied to Mr. Holland Park and other service users alike was to fight his independence and this boosted his confidence and willingness not just to survive but to live an active daily life and make the best of his body. The promotion of independence will delay or change the later stages of dementia which is usually much harder to manage. Independence in Mr. Holland Park was encouraged by prosecute him in reasonable activities up to any take he can tolerate. Also, a balance of maintained for him across personal care and robust leisure, while monitoring his tolerance train. strength drop impact of emerging festerings on service users with specific needsIt is critical to access the needs and strengths of service users with specific needs to determine the effectiveness of interventions implemented. The best strategies are accessed through and through initial stages and the environment was considered to determine the continuity and they includeE ffective talk Communication strategies applied involved using non-verbal cues and language and sentence bodily structure to integrate high level of individual comprehension and enhanced sensory(a) abilities. Effective communication is essential to the provision of high value health and social care. Without it there cannot be a significant coordination amongst service users and carers. unretentive communication is frequently a considerable causative reason for infirmity against Health and Social Care organisations and is the basis of numerous depressing user experiences.Involvement of individuals with challenging behaviours and their carers in the planning, delivery and monitoring of services ascertains that the care and support received meets their desires and objectives.Activities of Daily Living (ADL) Skills Training ADL involved accessing users abilities, impairments and assess performance to understand the psychological factors inhibiting their capabilities. Skills trainin g are carefully assessed during activities that focus on empowering users to independently carry out ADL tasks. During the programmes, users are required to shade individual tasks with minimal assistance. Minimal assistance provided include visual gestures, facial expressions, physical direction and partial physical assistance.The potential impact of the development of these strategies is the provision of vital support to effective improvement in health of service users, especially disabled users. There is improved strength through empowerment of independence and mobility and addd endurance levels. Also the physical performance of the users is improved significantly. Another essential benefit of these support systems is the maintenance of operational capabilities of users with physical or communication impairments.STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH CHALLENGING BEHAVIOURSConcepts of challenging behavioursThe relationship that exists between challenging behaviours is mostly viewed as a dis order of some form. There is no such thing as an analytical intend for challenging behaviour but it can be categorized in various forms including psychological disorder, learning disability, mental illness and many others. A functional disorder of some form generalises the concept of challenging behaviours but will never fully define it. repugn behaviour is an communicative concept, which is mainly socially created, and its definition is dependent on changes in social norms and provision of service cross geological areas. The expression itself carries no analytical meaning, and no presumption about the aetiology of the behaviour is made. Challenging behaviour may not relate to psychiatric disorder, but can also be a major or resultant symptom of it.Challenging behaviour is a moderately objective phrase that has apparent phenomenon. However, this is not the case with most mental illnesses, many of which depends on self-report by the individual for proper analysis. The need of an es tablished expression in individuals with challenging behaviours has caused problems concerning suitable expressions. Different terms like mental disorder, mental illness, emotional distress have been utilised inter-changeably e.g. mental illness.Potential impact of challenging behaviours on health and social care organisationsManaging the potential impact of challenging behaviours does not lie on one organisation, but rather a collective responsibility of every member of the health and social care system. That is how much impact the challenging behaviours of individuals have affected the health and social sector. This is because different people exhibit various disorders at diverse stages and severity hence the effective reason why organisations must work much harder to ensure that every individual is well taken care of regardless of his or her disability.Organisations have been made to build large and more effective workforce and research on increased skills and improved knowledg e have been carried out.Cost impactThe continuing occurrence of challenging behaviours in various individuals has had its impact on cost as the hebdomadally care ranges from over 200 to as much as 1600 depending on the severity.In other words, the care services offer to individuals is relative to the features of the care settings and the cost implication. It will always cost more to take care of people with severe challenging behaviours and the greater levels implying that organisations will need to increase their budget on regular basis to adapt to new financial year. Eventually, these cost implications will mean that larger facilities must be make and the weekly expenses are likely to increase over the years.Strategies for working with challenging behavioursManaging challenging behaviours involves intervention strategies that must recognise and take note of individuals past and present experiences and must also maintain a standard environment. One of the things that must be not ed is that it is inappropriate to differentiate any service user with the term challenging behaviours as this is very derogatory and changed the perspective they are related with. Also, the mindset with which they feel about how they fit into the environment is changed should they get used to this label.Intervention strategiesDepending on how serious the behavioural problem is, intervention strategies are in different categories biologic intervention This deals with analysis of the causes of the particular behaviour. This will mostly require professional assistance in order to source and prescribe proper medicine and treatment.Social intervention This elemental intervention involves encouraging communities to involve disabled people in social activities so as to make them feel welcomed within the society.Counselling This is usually an intervention suitable for individuals with moderate disability. The counselor will involve different behavioural methods like anger-management and relaxation therapy, for possible effect. There is no clear indication as to whether direct or indirect counselling methods will work with individuals that show high level of challenging behaviours like aggression.Psychotherapy For over 50 years, psychotherapy has been in practice as a form of management and treatment for people experiencing challenging behaviours. The effectiveness may sometimes vary depending on the level of aggression displayed by the person.There is a surprisingly long fib of psychotherapy withCognitive therapies This kind of therapy is suitable for people whose behaviours are ground on personal experiences. The therapist works on improving the behaviour of the individual by changing his/her insight and perception of life.SELF evaluation

Free Scarlet Letter Essays: Hester and the Puritan Society :: Scarlet Letter essays

Hester and the Puritan Society of The reddened Letter   Nathaniel Hawthornes novel, The Scarlet Letter, focuses on the Puritan society. The Puritan society molded itself and created a organisation based upon the tidings and implemented it with force. The crime of adultery attached by Hester generated rage, and was qualified for serious punishment according to Puritan beliefs. Ultimately the townspeople of capital of Massachusetts became intensely involved with Hesters life and her crime of adultery, and saw to it that she be publicly penalise and tortured. Based upon the religious, governmental, and well-disposed design of the Puritan society, Hesters good existence revolved around her sin and the Puritan perception. Therefore it is explicit within The Scarlet Letter that the Puritan community to some leg has constructed Hesters character.   In the novel The Scarlet Letter it is evident that the base of their social framework was that of the Church. The Church and be liefs of Protestantism became all encompassing within the town of Boston meaning that the Church would be directly involved in the campaign of the community and its regime. The Enforcing of laws were established by scripture read from the Bible, as the Puritans considered the Bible as the true law of God that provided guidelines for church and government. Those who disagreed or committed crimes against the government, were not only criminals but also sinners, and they were sought to be punished severely. The Puritans stressed grace, devotion, prayer, and self-examination to achieve religious virtue while including a basic knowledge of unacceptable actions of the time this was expected to secure tack and peace within the Puritan community. The Puritan culture is one that recognizes Protestantism, a sect of Christianity. Though a fundamental of Christianity is forgiveness for ones sins, this seems to have been forget amongst the women of the community Morally, as well as materially , there was a coarser grapheme in those wives and maidens of old English birth and breeding, than in their fair descendants. As read between the lines we can notice a concern in Hesters word meaning within the Puritan community. More so, Hester senses a lack of acceptance within the circle of woman in the community. The use of the term coarser fiber intertwines the relationship that she once had, and what it has be descend within the woman of the community. It has also come to my attention that when Hester compares the women of the community to their descendants, she clarifies that the women of the community have become deviant, and or shameful to their religious past.